The current transition towards renewable energy sources is a major structural change. There are many potential benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, creating new jobs, reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports, and providing energy to underserved developing communities. However, there are also challenges: the need for large upfront investments, the extraction of natural resources, and the development of renewable energy infrastructure. Furthermore, the energy transition might lead to job losses and stranded assets. Workers might require retraining and upskilling. Some regions might be disproportionally hit. The aim of this book is to analyze the issues associated with energy transition, advocating the need for effectiveness, efficiency and justice.